1. Slow Down
   

Speed limits are set for perfect road conditions, but winter weather quickly makes these conditions unsafe. Snow, ice, and slush significantly reduce traction, causing longer stopping distances and a greater risk of losing control. Driving below the posted speed lets you react more safely to hazards like black ice or sudden stops. Adjust your speed to match winter conditions, even if it means going much slower than usual.

2. Increase Following Distance

Leave at least 6–10 seconds between you and the vehicle ahead to allow extra time to brake safely. This increased following distance gives you more space to react if the car in front of you stops suddenly, especially when roads are slippery. On icy or snowy surfaces, your vehicle may not respond as quickly, making it harder to stop in time. Maintaining a wider gap helps prevent rear-end collisions and gives you greater control over your vehicle's movements. Remember, poor visibility and unpredictable road conditions can make hazards harder to spot, so extra distance provides a critical safety buffer.

3. Avoid Sudden Movements

When driving in winter conditions, sudden actions like sharp steering, hard braking, or abrupt acceleration can easily cause your vehicle to lose traction and skid. Gentle and gradual inputs allow your tires to maintain grip on icy or slick surfaces, reducing the risk of spinning out or sliding uncontrollably. Always anticipate your maneuvers, giving yourself plenty of time and space to adjust your speed or direction safely. Practicing smooth driving techniques ensures you stay in control and helps protect both yourself and other drivers during hazardous winter weather.

4. Brake Early and Gradually

Begin braking well before you normally would when approaching stops or slowing down, as icy or snowy roads can dramatically increase your stopping distance. Applying the brakes gently and steadily helps maintain traction, reducing the risk of your wheels locking up or your vehicle sliding out of control. Sudden or forceful braking can cause skidding, especially in winter conditions where road surfaces are unpredictable. By planning ahead and braking slowly, you give yourself more time to react to hazards and ensure safer, more controlled stops during winter driving.

5. Check Tires and Tire Pressure

Proper tire maintenance is crucial for safe winter driving. Make sure your tires have adequate tread depth—generally at least 6/32 inch—to grip snowy or icy roads more effectively. Cold temperatures can cause tire pressure to drop, so check and adjust inflation regularly to meet the manufacturer's recommended levels. Well-maintained tires improve traction, handling, and overall vehicle stability in challenging winter conditions.

6. Clear Snow and Ice Completely

Before driving, thoroughly remove all snow and ice from your vehicle’s windows, mirrors, headlights, taillights, and roof to ensure maximum visibility and safety. Failing to clear snow from these surfaces can obstruct your view, making it difficult to see hazards, pedestrians, or other vehicles. Snow left on the roof or hood can blow off while driving, impairing your vision or creating dangerous conditions for other drivers on the road. Taking the time to clear every surface not only helps you drive safely but also prevents avoidable accidents caused by flying snow or ice.

7. Use Headlights in Low Visibility

Use your headlights whenever visibility is reduced, such as during snowfall, fog, or early morning and evening hours. Turning on your headlights not only helps you see the road and any obstacles more clearly, but also makes your vehicle more visible to other drivers, pedestrians, and road crews. Even during daylight, winter weather can create dim or shadowy conditions where headlights are essential for safety. Remember to check that your headlights are clean and functioning properly before setting out, as snow or ice buildup can diminish their effectiveness.

8. Be Cautious on Bridges and Overpasses

Be especially cautious when driving over bridges and overpasses, as these structures tend to freeze more quickly than regular roadways due to cold air circulating both above and below them. Even if the main roads appear clear and dry, bridges and overpasses can still harbor hidden patches of ice, making them unexpectedly slippery. Approach these areas at reduced speeds and avoid sudden steering or braking maneuvers to minimize your risk of losing traction. Always be on the lookout for signs warning of icy conditions, and give yourself extra space and time when crossing elevated road surfaces during winter months.

9. Keep an Emergency Kit in Your Vehicle

Include items like blankets, a flashlight, ice scraper, jumper cables, water, and non-perishable snacks. An emergency kit is essential for winter driving, as it can help you stay warm and safe if you become stranded or delayed due to poor road conditions. Consider adding extra items such as a first-aid kit, a small shovel, reflective warning triangles, and a portable phone charger to cover a wider range of situations. Having these supplies on hand ensures you are prepared to handle unexpected emergencies and can make a significant difference in your safety and comfort until help arrives.

10. Know When to Stay Off the Roads

If weather conditions are hazardous—such as during heavy snow, ice storms, or freezing rain—it is best to postpone travel unless absolutely necessary. Staying off the roads during severe winter weather helps reduce your risk of accidents and keeps emergency services and road crews safer. Monitor local forecasts and advisories so you can make informed decisions about when it is safe to drive. If your trip can be delayed, waiting for roads to be cleared and conditions to improve is often the most responsible and safest choice.